Liquid-fuel burner



H. H. WILLIAMS LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed Sepia. 17. 1926 attau wq 3 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 22, 1927.

H. H. WILLIAMS LIQUID FUEL BURNER F iled Sept. 17. 1926 5 Sheets-Sheet Nov. 22, 1927. 1 1,650,561

, H. H. WILLIAMS LIQUID FUEL BURNER Filed Sept. 17. 1926 s Sheets-Sheet 5 atented ov. 22, 1927.

HENRY H. WILLIAMS, 0]? PHILADELPHIA COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE TABOR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF PHILHDELI'HIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A.

GQRPORATION meninrunn Bea s.

Application filed September[17, 1926. Serial no. 138,035.

One of the important difficulties incident to the operation of oil burners, particularly for domestic use where the necessity for attention constitutes an almost insurmountable obstacle to commercial success, is that incident to the tendency to flood the furnace with oil whenrfor any reason the flame 1s accidentally extinguished. Various gas pilots and auton'iatic electric ignition devices are in general use, the object of these being to avoid accidental extinction of the flame, but none of them are completely successful, and tloodin of the furnace with oil with the mmsequent danger of explosion or confiagration is still of not infrequent, occurrence even with the best equipped oil burners.

An important object of the present inven' tion is the provision of means whereby flooding of the burner whenthe flame is extinguished is absolutely prevented and eliminated. as a possibility in the operation of the burner.

The invention further relates to a burner,

the various elements of which are assembled in a single casing which may be affixed as a unit to the the door or ash pit door of the furnace. the installation being completed by the mere connection of the pipes to the nec essary supply of fuel, source of'electricity and, if desired, a source of gas for the pilot.

being shown in this instance the oil level in preferably slightly below the burnwhich is er, so that the oil feed may be made de- 1i 8l1tl8llt on the maintenance of a jet of fluid under pressure tl'irough the nozzle;

in the preferred form of the invention the feed of oil is further controlled by means of vacuum breaking passage, the opening through which admits fluid, preferably air,

to the nozzle adiacent'the delivery end of the oil feed passage, the vacuum breaking pas-.-

sage is determined by a regulating means within the control of the operator whereby the proportion of oil in the mixture of oil and air consumed or rather supplied to the furnace, "may be regulated and controlled without obstructing the oil feed passage.

The preferred form of the invention, as

shown, includes a strainerwhich strains the air supplied under pressure, which in the form illustrated is the jet forming fluid which atomizes and propels the fuel, and creates the vacuum for the purposes de scribed and the air which is admitted through the vacuum breaking passage. This strainer also, or it may be said primarily, strains the oil which is to be fed to the burner, the straining of all the fluid, i. e., air and oil or any and all fluids fed to the burnor in this way, eliminates the chance of stoppage of the burner due to the accumulation of dirt therein. This has been a source of repeated difficulty and annoyance in the operationof all, or practically all oil burners. y i

In accordance with certain of the principles of the invention, a receptacle is provided to catch and hold unconsumed oil fromwthe jet. This is'efiective to prevent flooding of, the furnace witho1l,*part1cularly 1n case the flame 1s accidentallyextinguished. Preferably the burner is enclosed in a casingwhich is oil tight at the bottom, the casing or pan being so connected to the furnace as to cause any oil which may accumulate in the furnace to flow back into the casingor pan of the burner. As shown, the burner is fed by and through a vacuum tank of the usual type used in automobiles. Any constant level tank or other tank may be used. Thevacuum tank with the other units is most convenientlyplaced inside the casing and the air vent of the vacuum tank through which air is admitted to displace the oil which flows from the vacuum tank to the burner is placed with its intake opening located so that accumulation of 'unconsumed oil from the jet 'closes the air inlet to the vent, immediatelygstopping the feeding of oil from thetank to the burner nozzle, as without the accessof the outside air pressure or any the burner casing on avertical plane ofthe axis, the centrally placed elements being shown in elevation, likewise the strainer which is on the far sideofthe central plane.

Figure 2 is a rear elevation of the burner casing, i. e., looking from the left in Figure l SllOWilig the regulating shutter, the vacuum' tank' andstrainer arealso shown immediate- 1y, beyond the shutter.

Figure 3 is an elevation looking from the rightin Figure 1.

Figure l is a. section through the nozzle on-,the.san1e plane as thatlon which Figure 1 istaken, the nozzle. being shown on anenlargedscale. i 8

Figure 5 is an elevation looking from the right ,in Figure l.

Figurefi is a vertical section through the a'xisof, the strainer.

Figure 7 is a horizontal section on the line (-7, Figure 6.

Figure 8 is an elevationiof the vacuum tank. i

Figure, 9 isan elevation of the burner installed, the furnace being shown in fragmentary. vertical. section.

Referring to the; drawingsby numerals, each of. which is usedto indicate the same orsimilar parts in the different figures, the apparatuses ,shown comprises, a nozzle 1, an an; compressor, 2, the delivery of which iseonnected by, a pipe 3 to the nozzle passageon bore ticreat-ing a, jet therethrough as hereinafterdescribed, afan 5 and an electric motorfi, the motor, air compressor. and fan being onthe, same shaft 7. The, apparatus asshown also includesa vacuum feed tank 8and astrainer 9, theentire apparatus being mountedin a pan 1O havinga cover 11 secured to the pan in any suitable manner and,

sliaped'to accommodate and enclose the apparatus, the pan and cover comprising a casing in which the apparatus is enclosed as a single unit.

More particularly, the nozzle 1 as shown consists of a casting or body member- 14 having a. longitudinal central bore or passage tito-rwh ich the air pressure-pipe 3 is con n ected byv a .fitting 15, as already described, or in anysuitable manner. The body member l ljis also pierced at right angles to the bore 1 by a transverse bore 16 forming a fuel oroil passage 17. to which is connected anoil-pipe or tube 18 and a regulating air passage 19 to which is connected a regulating air tube 22. The bore 4 of the nozzle is which is placed in the main .air. passage 4 just forward of the first insert 24 and spaced slightly away from the latter and a third plug insert or tip 31 spaced forwardly of the, member 25. The nozzle member 14 is also provided with a bore or passage26 entering the aperture or chamber 3% betweenthe two rearmost inserts or tips 2- and 25 and having connected thereto a vacuum pipe 27 which leads to the top of the vacuum tank. The second insert. 25 has a central bore 28 which may be slightly larger than the nozzle opening 20. The forward insert 31 is shown as centrally bored at 32 in registration with the opening 28 and immediately on the opposite side of the chamber 30 therefrom and this passage or opening 28 which is preferably slightly smaller than the bore 32 extends forwardly through the insert 31 though the forward end of the passage may be of increased diameter indicated by reference character 33.

Compressed air entering the air passage 4 from the compressor by way of air pipe 3 is formed by the taper 21 into a jet issuing from the reduced opening and passing at high speed through the chamber or space 34 between the tip or insert 24- and the second tip or insert 25 which is connected by vacuum passage 26 to pipe 27 creating a vacuum in the chamber 34- which is transmitted through pipe 27 to the vacuum tank 8. The jet also passes by way of passage 28 to and through the chamber 30 between the inse rts 25- and 31 likewise creating a vacuum inthis chamber. The vacuum in the chamber raises the fuel ,through and by way of fuel passage 16 and fuel pipe 18.

The vacuum in the second chamber 30 is controlled by the vacuum breaking passage 19 to which a regulated quantity of air. enters by the pipe 22. the openingthrougb which is controlled and regulated by air cock 35, see Figure 1. which by thus regulatingthe vacuum at this point controls the supply of fuel to the burner and the rate of combustion.

In addition to the nozzle as already pointed out, the apparatus includes a vacuum tank 8 of the usual construction, well known as a gasolene feeding device and widely used in connection with the internal combustion motors of automobiles and other motor vehicles. A vacuum is created at the top of the tank communicated thereto from Cal the nozzle by way of and through the vac.

The vacuum tankis preferably so placed.

that the level of the oil supply therein at 87 is maintained below the level of the center oi the oil burner, asshown, and the delivery outlet of the vacuum tank at 38 is connected by an oil pipe 39 to and with the oil strainer 9, the oil pipe in the form of the invention shown entering the strainer receptacle or cup it) at the oenterof thebottom.

The oil strainer proper or screen as shown consists of two cylinders ll and 41 placed end to end and mounted on a suitable frame 42 having two disk-like ends shouldered to fit inside the opposite ends of the strainer screen. The disks are held together by a bolt it which engages both said disk-like members at the center, being passed tln ough one of said disks and having a nut 45 by which the disks are drawn together as aforesaid, the disks being spaced by central tubes 46 through which the bolt ispasse'd. The screen is further supported by an annular frame t? having a hub t8 through which the bolt is passed, the hub being engaged on opposite sides by the tubes 46;

The frame 4:? is provided with radiating legs 49 supporting arirn 50 which has oppositely projecting cylindrical flanges 51 which enter the adjacent ends of the screen portions 41 and l1 and a peripheral radial flange 52 which engages a seat 53 in the top of the cup. The bottom disk 43 which enters a seat 5*: in the bottom of the cup, is provided with apertures 55 between radial 56, which latter support the hub, the apertures 55 permitting the oil to flow upwardly into the cup and through the'strainer ll from the oil passage 39 leading from the vacuum tank. The oil supply pipe 18 leads. fromthe stralner cup outside the screen and I well below the oil level as indicated in lii'gures l and 6. The oil passing upwardly from the center'of the cup seeps outward radially tl'irough the strainer to the outer periphery of the cup, being completely strained without accumulation of dirt at any point of the strainer. This prevents clogging in ordinary operation, making the oil burner operative without attention fora considerable period of time.

The vacuum regulatingpipe 22 the screen cup wellabove the oil level and at the side, and thetop of the cup outside the screen is completely closed by the frame or cover l'i'. ihe upper screen cylinder ila projecting abovethe cup, air is admitted througl'i the upper exposed portion of the screen and completelycleaued and strained by the operation of the screen, being passed downwardly inside the strainer cup and outwardly again passing through the 1 screen into the annular chamber 57 outside the screen from which it is drawn by the vac uum breaking or regulating pipe 22. The

compressed air supplied to the burner nozzle by the compressor 2 is likewise strained, the compressor intake passage or pipe 58 being connected to the side walls of the strainer cup as shown in Figurel, whereby a portion of theair drawn in through the screen cylinder ll. at the top and passed outwardly into the annular chamber 57? as aforesaid, is suppnedt-othe compressor.

Certain important features of the inveu tiou reside in the location of the oil burning apparatus in apan 1O which acts as a 're ceptacle for the waste oil or the provision of a receptacle of any sort to collect the un-' consumed oil from the jet in case of acci dental extinction of the flame, the accumulated oil being "utilized to out off the oil supply as hereinafter described.

The pan 10 and the cover 11 preferably terminate beyond the nozzle in a duct 60 which is provided with a projecting lip 61 which enters the pan or otherwise forms an oil tight connection therewith, the duct being cemented into or otherwise closely connected with the furnace or fire box which is originally constructed, or for the purposes of this burner, made oil tight below the burner connection preventing escape of oil from the furnace in case the atomized jetshould fail to ignite or should become extinguished 1n any way during the contlnuance of the oil supply. The oil tight floor or.

bottom wall of the furnace is shown at G6 111 Figure 9. Under such circumstances the oil accumulates at thebottom of the furnace without escaping and flows backwardly into the pan and. in turn stops the .oil supply from thevacuum feed. p

The control of the oil supply in this way, making the supply ofoilto the burner dependent upon the continued consumptionof the oil in the furnace, is accomplished by so locating the vent pipe 62 which controls the flow of oil from the vacuum tank, see Figure 2, that the intake endof the same is at the bottom of the pan or other receptacle for unconsumed oil from the jet, so that it will be immediately closed upon the accumulation of a supply of oil in this way. Glos r ing of the vent stops immediately the flow i j of oil from the vacuum tankrto the burner leads from and, therefore, stops the further discharg and accumulation of oil.

Referring again to the feed or nozzle end of the casing it will be noted that there is a damper 63 mounted on circularly arranged pinsor studs 64 and operable by means of a handle65 to regulate and control the flow of air from the blower 5 through the duct 60 about the jet and into combinationwith the flame. The pan in'the form shown is extended up over the fan 5 and nozzle at 69 of the casing is closed by a grid 68.

I have thus described specifically and in detail a single embodiment of my oil burner apparatus in order that the nature and operation of the same may be clearly understood, however, the specific terms here in are used descriptively rather than in a limiting sense, the scope of the invention being defined in the claims.

What I claim as newand desire to secure.

by Letters Patentis:

1. An oil burner comprising a nozzle, means for supplying fluid under pressure maintaining a fluid jet through said nozzle and creating a vacuum at the, sides of the jet, a vacuum tank, a vacuum pipe connecting the jet to the vacuum tank creating a vacuum in the tank, an oil supply pipe leading from the tank to the burner,a receptacle beneath-the burner to catch unconsumed oil therefrom, the vacuum tankbeing-provided with a vent pipe admitting air thereto to replace the oil fed. from the tank to the burner, the vent pipe having its inlet opening-in the receptacle and near the bottom thereofso that theaccumulation of oil in the receptacle WllliClOSt) the vent and stop the flow of oil to the burner from the vacuum tank.

2. An'oil burning apparatus comprising a burner nozzle, a-motor,.a compressor, a tan, a vacuum feed tank and a casing enclosing allsaid membersas a single :unit, said casing being adapted for connection to-a furnace,

and said't'urnace, the furnace being closed immediately below the CaSlDg'SO that oil accumulated therein flows into thecasing and accumulates therein, the vacuum-tank havinga vent which has its intake near the bottom of the casing.

3. In an-oil burning apparatus, anozzle, an air compressor connected to the nozzle to set up a-jet therethrough, an oil supply, a strainer comprising a cup and'a screen cage inand projecting from the cup, an oil passage leading from the. oil supply to the nozzle through the-strainer, the latter having intake and outflow passages to and-from said pipe one on each side o'f 'the screen, an air passage leading from the inside of the 5 strainer cup tothe compressorsupplying air thereto, the cup being closed about thescreen causing theair taken from the ,CHPIO be drawn in through the projecting portion of the'screen and strained-bythe screen;

4. In'an oil burning apparatus, a nozzle,

an air compressor connected to the nozzle toset upa jet thcrethrough, an oil supply, a

strainer comprising a cup and a screen cage.

in and projectingnfrom the cup, an oil pas- --"sage.leading fromthe supply tank to the nozzle through the strainer, the latter having intake and outflow oil passages to and from said pipe on opposite sides of the screen, an air passage leading from the inside of the strainer and cup to the compressor supplying air thereto, the cup being closed about the screen causing the air taken from the cup.

to be drawn inthrough theprojccting portion of the screen and strained by the screen, a vacuum breaking passage leading to the nozzle adjacent the oil supply pipe to control the oil fed to the nozzle, said passage being connected to the strainer cup whereby the air. thus supplied is likewise passed through the screen. and strained.

5. The combination with an oil burner having a nozzle, means. for supplying air and oil to the nozzle, means for straining both the oil andair comprising a cup, a strainer in the cup, a portion of the same being open to the outside air, the top. of the. cup being closed about the. strainer, an air passage connected to the upper portion of, the cup and leading from the cup to the nozzle whereby the air supplied to the nozzle is drawn in through the upper portion of the strainer and completely screened, an oil passage leading from the strainer to the nozzle and an oil passage entering the cup, said oil passages being on opposite sides of the screen whereby the oil supply to the nozzle is strained.

(3. The combination with an oil burner having a nozzle, means for supplying air and oil to the nozzle,1neans for straining both the oil and air comprising a cup, a strainer in the cup projecting above the cup, the top of the cup being closed aboutithe strainer, an air passage connected to the upper portion of the cup and leading from the cup to the nozzle whereby the air supplied to the nozzle is drawn in through the upper portion of the strainer and completely screened, an oil passage leading from the strainer to the nozzle and an oil passage entering the cup, said oil passages being on opposite sides of the screen whereby the oil supply to the nozzleis completely screened. said screen being in the formof a closed chamber which fits inside the cup and the closure about the screen being in the form of a removable cover.

7. The combination with an oil burner having a nozzle, means for supplying air and oil to the nozzle, means for straining both the oil andair comprising a cup, a strainer, an air passage connected to the upper portion of the cup and leading to the nozzle, an oil passage leading from the strainer to the nozzle and an oil passage entering the cup, said oil passages being on opposite sides of the screen, said screen being in the form of two tubular members, the closure of the cup being a ring. member which fits the cup as a cover and'is located bet-ween the tubular members which are placed in line, members closing the ends of the screen, a bolt connecting the end members and means spacing the end members.

8. An oil burning apparatus comprising a a burner nozzle, a compressor supplying com pressed air to the nozzle, a vacuum feed tank connected to the burner to feed oil thereto and operated by the vacuum of the nozzle, and a strainer and means for passing the oil and compressed air through the strainer before they enter the nozzle, and a casing enclosing all said members as a single unit, said casing being adapted for connection to a furnace. 1

9. An oil burning apparatus comprising an electric motor, an air compressor driven by the motor,'a nozzle connected to the compressor whereby the compressor sets up a jet of compressed air through the nozzle creating a vacuum at the sides of the jet, a vacuum tank, means connecting the top of the vacuum tank to the jet whereby the vacuum created by the jet operates the vacuum tank, an oil pipe leading from the vacuum tank to thenozzle, a container for oil connected to the tank, a receptacle to receive and contain unconsumed oil dropped from the burner, the tank having a vent pipe the opening in which is near the bottom of the receptacle whereby an accumulation of unconsumed oil closes the vent and cuts oft the flow of oil from the tank to the burner. 10. An oil burning apparatus comprising an electric motor, a fan and a compressor, the fan and compressor being driven by the motor, a nozzle connected to the compressor whereby the compressor sets up a jet of compressed air through the nozzlecreating a itlvacuum at the sides of the jet, the fansupthe vacuum and the rate of fuel feed.

11. An oil burning apparatus comprising an electric motor, a tan and a compressor, the fan and compressor being driven by the motor, a nozzle connected to the compressor whereby the compressor sets up a jet of compressed alr through the nozzle creatmg a vacuum the sides of the jet, the fan supplying to support combustion, a vacuum tank, a pipe connecting the vacuum tank with the jet whereby the vacuum created by the jet is communicated to the tank, an oil pipe leading from the vacuum tank to the nozzle and means for maintaining a supply of oil below the level of the tank and an oil supplyrconnection from the supply to i the vacuum tank, a receptacle beneath "the nozzle to receive unconsumed oil from the nozzle, the vacuum tank havmg a ventrwith its intake opening in and near the bottom or the receptacle whereby an accumulation of unconsumed oil prevents operation of the tank and cuts oil the oil supply to the burner.

Signed by me at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, this 14th day of August, 1926.

HENRY 1-1. WiLLrAMs. 

